on
Application of Geodesy to Engineering
1999 - 2003
| President: | Heribert Kahmen (Austria) |
Secretaries: |
Günther Retscher (Austria) |
| Zhenglu Zhang (China) |
Rapid Developments in engineering, microelectronics and
the computer sciences have greatly changed both instrumentation and methodology in
engineering geodesy. The objectives of the Special Commission are on the one hand to
document the body of knowledge in this field and on the other hand to encourage new
developments and present them in a conistent frame work. Symposia and workshops will be
planned to document the current state of development in engineering applications of
geodesy. On the other hand working groups will be established in areas of current research
interest which will have special goals so that their research work can be accomplished in
a four year period. In addition collaboration with other international organisations as
ISPRS, FIG, ION, etc. is planned.
The following three working groups have been established :
1) SC4 WG 1: “Mobile Multi Sensor
Systems”
Comments and context:
To fulfil the need for up-do-date inventory and geometric
data along transportation routes (roads, railways, rivers, pipelines) Mobile Multi-sensor
Systems (MMS) are being operated. In general, MMS have in common that they integrate a set
of sensores mounted on a common platform and synchronized to a common time base. They are
typically used in kinematic mode. In principle, they are capable of operating with the
data measured on the platform. No other information, such as known ground control, is
needed, although it may be included as redundant information. Systems of this type
· can be immediately deployed everywhere on the
globe without the need for identifying existing ground control.
· employ a task-oriented system design through
integration at the measurement level, data flow optimization can therefore be a built-in
feature.
· can be equipped with real-time quality
control features by including data redundancies in the system design and by using a
combination of real-time data processing and expert knowledge
to get homogeneous results.
· generally use software georeferencing to
transform the time-dependent measurement process into a sequence of georeferenced images
which can be considered as independent geometric units in post-mission processing.
The future and trends of
MMS will be the main activity of the working group.
The objectives of the
Working Group are:
- New developements in Mobile Multi-Sensor Systems
- New applications for Mobile Multi-Sensor Systems
- Emerging Processing Techniques for Mobile
Multi-Sensor Systems
Chairman: Naser El-Sheimy
Co-chairman: Jan Skaloud (Switzerland)
Members: Klaus Peter Schwarz (Canada)
Armin Gruen (Switzerland)
Bertrand Merminod (Switzerland)
Günther Retscher (Austria)
Larry D. Hothem (USA)
Deren Li (China)
Rongxing (Ron) Li (USA)
Dorota Grejner-Brzezinska (USA)
Yi D Huang (UK)
Harald Sternberg (Germany)
Antonio Vettore (Italy)
Smooch Puntavungkour (Thailand)
Hans-Gerd Maas
(Netherlands)
C. Vincent Tao (Canada)
Ahmed El-Mowafy (United Arab Emirates)
Youcef Hammada (Canada)
Mohamed Aziz (Kuwait)
Craig Glennie (Canada)
2)
SC4 WG 2: “Dynamic Monitoring of Buildings and System Analysis”
The world records for bridge span and building height have
increased more than tenfold in the second millenium. In the 20th century alone, the record
height for a building has increased from 118 m to 452 m, while the record for a bridge
span has increased from 521 m to 1991 m. Both records have increased by factors 3.8 over
this period.
As can be seen from these records, quality control of
these structures is a challenging task. The goals of the monitoring methods are:
assessment of the structural behaviour (safety inspection) and improvement of maintenance
(optimization of repair, early detection of damages). The input for the monitoring
methodes can be forced or ambient vibrations. Then “Forced Vibration Testing”
(FVT) and “Ambient Vibration Testing” (AVT) can be applied.
Instruments, used to monitor the motions, are often fixed
to the object under motion. That means, their dynamic parameters change depending on the
frequencies of the motions.
The goal of this Working Group is, to study dynamic
monitoring methodes, sensor systems and system analysis models for quality control of
larger structures. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be necessary.
Chairman:
Wolfgang Niemeier (Germany)
Co-Chairman: Rainer
Flesch (Austria)
Members:
Orhan Altan (Turkey)
Mehmet Celebi (USA)
Otto Heunecke (Germany)
Svend Kold Kohansen (Denmark)
Miodrag Roic (Croatia)
Gethin Wyn Roberts
(U.K.)
Maria Tsakiri (Greece)
3) SC 4 WG 3:
“Monitoring of Local Geodynamic Processes and System Analysis”
Monitoring and system analysis of landslides, mudflows and
rockslides has become of great importance, since the population of the world is increasing
dramatically and, as in many cases, housing estates and industrial sites were erected,
without taking these geodynamic processes into consideration.
In mountenous areas, for instance, as in the Alpes, it is
assessed that about 6 % of the country is affected by landslides. Along the Yangtze River,
in the surrounding of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, for instance, about 100 landslides
have to be monitored. Their average velocities can vary from 1 to 200 mm/year. In general
the movements are fairly regular especial in large slopes. In some cases there are
reactions according to the climate conditions. However, sometimes instabilities are
possible, which cause that the velocities are multiplied by a factor 100 and greater.
Sometimes the result is a desaster.
The main goal of the Working Group is to study
a)
Computer controlled
Multi-Sensor Systems recording geodetical, geophysical and metheorological data,
b)
different models of
system analysis and
c)
models for desaster
prediction.
Chairman:
Gyula Mentes (Hungary)
Co-Chairman: Ewald
Brückl (Austria)
Members: Hans-J. Kümpel (Germany)
Dorothee Rebscher (Germany)
Fabian Marcus (Germany)
Gerhard Jentzsch (Germany)
Thomas A. Wunderlich (Germany)
Fritz K. Brunner (Austria)
Ladislav Brimich (Slovak Republic)
L. A. Latynina (Russia)
Jussi Kääriänen (Finland)
Heikki Virtanen (Finland)
Carla Braitenberg (Italy)
Károly Dede (Hungary)
Lajos Völgyes (Hungary)
Péter Varga (Hungary)
László Bányai (Hungary)
Further three working groups are
considered as challenging :
4) SC
4 WG 5: “Geodesy on large Construction Sites”
The growing world population and the globalization of the
economy demands improved traffic systems, power stations and construction of dwellings and
bureau centres. Therefore in the future large construction sites will have to be managed.
Geodetic methodes and techniques can contribute to do this management in a most economical
way. There will be large construction sites for high speed railway lines, tunnels,
bridges, power dams, airports, and so on.
The main goals of the Working Group will be to study
a)
the design of networks based on permanent GPS stations,
b)
the navigation of construction machines,
c)
high precision alignment methodes,
d)
Information systems based on geodetic-geotechnical-geological data.
Chairman:
not yet nominated
5)
SC 4 WG 5: “Pseudolite Application in
Engineering Geodesy”
In satellite-based precise positioning, the dominant
factors are the number and geometric
distribution of the satellites tracked by the receivers.
In the case of global navigation satellite systems such as GPS, Glonass, and
the planned Galileo system, four visible satellites are the minimum requirement for
precise three-dimensional positioning. In
general, the more satellites that are tracked, the more reliable the positioning
solutions. However, in some situations, such
as in downtown urban canyons, engineering construction sites, and in deep open-cut pits
and mines, the number of visible satellites may not be sufficient. In the worst situations, such as in underground
tunnels and inside buildings, the satellite signals may be completely lost.
Such problems with existing GNSS systems can be addressed
by the inclusion of additional ranging signals transmitted from ground-based
"pseudo-satellites" (pseudolites). Pseudolites
are an exciting technology that can be used for a wide range of positioning and navigation
applications, either as a substantial augmentation tool of spaceborne systems, or as an
independent system for indoor positioning applications.
The goal of this proposed working group is to study new
concepts of pseudolite-related positioning and, in particular, applications of pseudolites
in engineering geodesy. Major objectives of
the research activities are to study:
a)
Pseudolite
augmentation of GPS
b)
Pseudolite-only
positioning scenarios
c)
Integration of
pseudolites with other sensors, such as INS
These objectives will be achieved by:
·
Promoting discussions between working group members.
·
Setting up a working group website providing a focus for
pseudolite research and applications with the relevant links.
·
Developing a comprehensive reference list for pseudolite
research and applications.
Chairman:
Jinling Wang (Australia) [jinling.wang@unsw.edu.au]
Co-Chair: Gethin
Roberts (UK) [gethin.roberts@nottingham.ac.uk]
Co-Chair: Dorota
Grejner-Brzezinska (USA) [dorota@cfm.ohio-state.edu]
Members: Elizabeth Cannon (Canada)
Paul Cross (UK)
Gunter W. Hein (Germany)
Hiroshi Isshiki (Japan)
Changdon Kee (South Korea)
Alfred Leick (USA)
Edward LeMaster (USA)
Jingnan Liu (China)
Ivan Petrovski (Japan)
Ilir F. Progri (USA)
Chris Rizos (Australia)
Toshiaki Tsujii (Australia/Japan)
Sandra Verhagen (Netherlands)
Guangjun Wen (Singapore)
Ming Xie (Singapore)
Aigong Xu (Singapore)
6)
SC 4 WG 6: “Application of Knowledge-based Systems in Engineering
Geodesy”
For many geo- but
also non-geo-disciplines the results of geodetic measurements (coordinates, displacements,
etc.) serve as a basis for solving problems like interpretation, documentation,
recognition, control, design, prediction, diagnose, alarming, simulation and so on.
Examples are the (intelligent) control of measurement or guidance systems, the detection
of outliers or the early recognition of noticeable patterns in the displacement data of
tunnels under construction.
For these tasks geodetic data often must be considered
incomplete and uncertain and in most cases additional knowledge from experts of the
specific application field is needed.
Nowadays there is a growing demand for geodesists to work
interdisciplinary and to contribute to the development of appropriate systems and
techniques that help to solve these problems more intelligent and automatical. The
application of AI-methods like in Knowledge-based Systems seems to be a promising
approach. So their future and applicability in Engineering Geodesy will be the main
objective of the Working Group.
Chairman: Klaus Chmelina
Members: Miima John Bosco (Germany)
Michaela Haberler (Austria)
Katja Heine (Germany)
Esmond Mok (Hong
Kong )
Wolfgang Niemeier (Germany)
Steffen Schön (Germany)
The IAG Special Commission 4 is sponsor of the following conferences:
Past Events:
3rd International Workshop
on Mobile Mapping Technology
January 3-5, 2001 in Cairo, Egypt
Click
here for Conference Report in PDF format
Workshop on Monitoring of
Constructions and Local Geodynamic Processes
IAG SC 4, Working Groups WG 2 and WG 3
May 22-24, 2001 in Wuhan, PR China
Click here
for Workshop Report in PDF format
5th
Conference on Optical 3-D Measurment Techniques
October 1-4, 2001 in Vienna, Austria
2nd Symposium on Geodesy
for Geotechnical and Structural Engineering
May 21-24, 2002 in Berlin, Germany
Click here for Conference Report in German (PDF
format)
Fortcoming Events:
IUGG 2003
XXIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics
June 30 - Juli 11, 2003 in Sapporo, Japan
6th
Conference on Optical 3-D Measurment Techniques
September 22-25, 2003 in Zurich, Switzerland
4th
International Symposium on Mobile Mapping Technology
March 29-31, 2004 in Kunming, China
1st
Announcement in PDF format
 : |
by Günther Retscher |  |